Factores de riesgo del personal de enfermería del área quirúrgica de un hospital de tercer nivel : Risk factors of nursing staff in the surgical area of a tertiary level hospital

Antonio de Jesús Hernández-Silverio; Miriam Gómez-Ortega; Genoveva González-González; Janeth Delfina Salgado-Guadarrama

doi:10.51422/ren.v20i3.340

Authors

Antonio de Jesús Hernández-Silverio Instituto de Salud del Estado de México https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0492-9920
Miriam Gómez-Ortega https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1320-2168
Genoveva González-González https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-0094
Janeth Delfina Salgado-Guadarrama https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4720-6829

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51422/ren.v20i3.340

Keywords:

Biosecurity, Nursing, Operating room

Abstract

Introduction: the World Health Organization (WHO) argues that in order to combat infections associated with health care, it is necessary to reduce biosecurity standards for occupational exposed personnel. Biosecurity is to protect quality of life free from damage, risk or danger; nursing staff working in the operating room are exposed to multiple risk factors, such as the use of chemicals to process surgical material; biological factores due to close contact with the patient and body fluids, psychosocial factors, due to workload and tense environments, or ergonomic risks to being in standing positions for long periods of time in surgical procedures.

Objective: to analyze the risk factors of nursing staff in the surgical area of a third-level hospital.

Material and methods: quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Universe: composed of the nursing staff from the surgical area of a third level hospital. Sample: non-probability at the investigator’s discretion, consisting of 50 operating room nurses of all shifts. Inclusion criteria: all nurses who are working in the surgical area, with more than 2 months in the surgical area. Exclusion criteria: nursing staff who did not sign informed consent and did not wish to participate, nursing staff on leave, vacation, disability, absenteeism, or are not working for some other reason. The instrument: questionnaire consisting of eighty-eight questions, with dichotomous answers, with a reliability of. 99 using Kuder-Richardson formula.

Results: the nursing staff has a biological risk of 100%, in chemical risks: 87%, physical risks: 94%, in terms of psychosocial risks, 94% of the respondents consider they have this risk; for ergonomic risks, 67% of those surveyed reported presenting musculoskeletal injuries.

Conclusion: nursing professionals in the surgical area are exposed to different risks. These hazards affect individually and collectively, it has the probability of triggering a health disturbance, inevitably affecting the work process, leads to poor work performance and non-compliance with objectives in public and private institutions. Adherence to biosafety measures must be observed in the surgical unit to reduce the risks of infectious and contagious diseases.

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Risk factors of nursing staff in the surgical area of a tertiary level hospital